One missing document or incorrect entry can derail an entire shipment, leading to costly delays, regulatory fines, or even the refusal of cargo at its destination. While airlines, ground handlers, and logistics providers have made strides in ensuring compliance, the complexity of global regulations, evolving industry standards, and stringent welfare requirements continue to pose significant challenges.
“People assume paperwork is just an administrative step, but in live animal transport, it can make or break a shipment,” Jake Holliday, Head of Animal Welfare LHR, warned.
Incorrect documentation isn’t just an inconvenience—it jeopardises the welfare of animals, creates financial losses, and damages reputations.
He highlighted a real-world case where a minor discrepancy in the health certificate for an exotic animal shipment led to weeks of quarantine and thousands of dollars in additional costs.
“One unchecked box, one missing endorsement from an official vet, and you’re looking at a serious problem,” he explained.
The regulatory landscape for animal air transport is anything but uniform. Each country has its own import requirements, veterinary health documentation rules, and transit restrictions. For example, while the EU imposes strict entry requirements for live animal shipments, the Middle East and Asia have varying protocols, often requiring additional permits and pre-approvals.
“Operators often underestimate how different regulations can be, even within the same region. The paperwork needed for a dog flying from Paris to Dubai is entirely different from one going to Australia or the US,” Holliday noted.
Mistakes can range from expired health certificates, incorrect species classifications, missing Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) permits, or failure to comply with airline-specific handling requirements.
Avoiding common documentation pitfalls
So, how can stakeholders avoid these costly errors and ensure compliance? According to Holliday, the key is proactive communication, digitisation, and attention to detail.
Early coordination is essential
“Start the paperwork process well in advance—weeks, not days before the shipment,” he advised.
Coordinating with veterinarians, regulatory authorities, and airlines ahead of time ensures that any discrepancies can be caught early.
Digital solutions for document management
With the air cargo industry rapidly embracing digitalisation, using electronic documentation platforms and automated compliance tools can significantly reduce human error.
Many freight forwarders are adopting IATA’s digital solutions to improve document accuracy and streamline customs clearance.
Working with specialists
Many compliance issues stem from insufficient expertise in live animal regulations. Holliday urged shippers and forwarders to consult specialists who have experience navigating country-specific requirements.
“It’s worth the investment to work with experts who know the nuances of animal transport paperwork—because one mistake can shut down an entire shipment,” he stressed.
High stakes of compliance
As global trade policies tighten and animal welfare standards evolve, the pressure on compliance will only increase. Airlines and logistics providers must remain vigilant, adaptable, and committed to best practices.
“Regulations aren’t static—they change constantly. What worked last year may not be enough this year,” Holliday emphasised.
